Mountain gorillas are a subspecies of the eastern gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei) and reside in the mountainous regions of Africa. They are primarily found in Uganda’s Bwindi Impenetrable National Park and Mgahinga National Park, Rwanda’s Volcanoes National Park, and the Democratic Republic of Congo’s Virunga National Park. These locations are the only habitats in the world where you can see these critically endangered creatures roaming freely in their natural habitat.
Diet of Mountain Gorillas
Mountain gorillas are primarily herbivores and are recognized as the largest primates on Earth. Due to their size and energy requirements, they consume a significant amount of food daily approximately 18 kilograms (about 40 pounds). Their diet mainly consists of:
Leaves and Stems: They feed on a variety of forest plants, showing a particular preference for the leaves and inner stems of certain species. For example, they have been observed stripping the bark off trees to access the nutritious inner parts.
Fruits: Although fruits are less abundant in their high-altitude habitats, mountain gorillas do enjoy them when available.
Mushrooms and Insects: Occasionally, they will consume mushrooms and small insects, adding variety to their diet.
Due to the mountainous terrain and the limited availability of fruits, mountain gorillas often focus on fibrous plant material. Their foraging habits are quite selective; they prefer certain plant types and may spend considerable time in one area before moving on to allow the vegetation to regrow.
Water Intake
Interestingly, mountain gorillas are not particularly fond of drinking water, as they obtain most of their hydration from the succulent plants they consume. The moisture content in their food is sufficient to meet their hydration needs, which is particularly advantageous in their mountainous environment.
Social Structure and Behavior
Mountain gorillas live in family groups that can consist of up to 20 members, typically led by a dominant male known as a silverback. These family units also include females, juveniles, and blackbacks (younger males). The social structure is quite territorial, making it uncommon for more than one silverback to coexist in the same group.
Baby gorillas are nurtured by their mothers until they are about two years old. The young ones are playful and often seen jumping from one tree to another, adding to the lively atmosphere of their habitat. Each gorilla makes a nest on the ground for sleeping, which makes it easier for researchers and travelers to estimate the group size, as the nests can be counted.
Gorilla Trekking Experience
For those looking to encounter these magnificent creatures, gorilla trekking is a popular activity in Uganda. The experience begins at the park headquarters, where visitors are organized into groups of up to eight individuals. Each group is assigned a specific gorilla family to track, with the trek taking anywhere from two to eight hours, depending on the distance the gorillas have moved.
Gorilla trekking requires physical fitness and mental preparation, as the hike can be strenuous. Once you locate a gorilla family, you are allowed to spend one hour observing them, a time filled with unforgettable moments as you watch their interactions and behaviors. Upon completing the trek, participants receive a gorilla trekking certificate as a memento of their adventure.
For those wishing to spend more time with the gorillas, the gorilla habituation experience offers an all-day encounter, providing deeper insights into their lives and behaviors.
Conclusion
Mountain gorillas are remarkable primates that play a crucial role in their ecosystem. Their unique diet, social structures, and behaviors make them a fascinating subject of study and a breathtaking sight for travelers. By participating in activities such as gorilla trekking, you not only support conservation efforts but also gain a profound appreciation for these endangered animals and their mountainous habitats. As we continue to protect and conserve their environments, we ensure that future generations can also experience the wonder of mountain gorillas in the wild.
Get in touch with our expert travel consultants today and inquire about or book a tour, lodge or car securely online. Send email to info@ugandatouristguide.com or you can talk directly to us through +256 392911059 or +1 (818) 2906623 (USA)
